It built slave forts on the African coast, some such as Bunce Island in Sierra Leone furnished with a rape house. Dont even get me started on the Moors, Arabs and Ottomans, As for getting rich many African tribes kept slaves and their societies did not get rich. 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat. Like I need to hand my cash to the next lass of Rus descent I see, lest she remind me of some unlucky slave-girl that may or may not have perished at the hands of my maybe-ancestors? Like I said, as a mental exercise, if I do my best good faith effort to imagine an argument for reparations, I reckon it would concern harms committed by the state (which unlike the slave traders and owners, is still about today) and an argument that it breached some alleged fundamental/universal doctrine of law so that even the states efforts to put the slave industry on a legal footing were null and void. Like I said before, tolerance is in the gift of the powerful. He was a prominent figure in the campaign to abolish slavery. This history of the black presence in . There is plenty of slavery about we just do not call it that. Theres probably more mileage in my country, or at least its historical incarnation, fought against it because unlike the actual people involved, the state is still around. Even Bill Clinton had affinity for the USA. As it happens, I dont believe in sins of the fathers passing down the generations. I personally dont find that as convincing as the case that slaves themselves deserved compensation, and while there were strong political and practical reasons owners were compensated upon abolition but not their former slaves, it doesnt leave a great moral taste in the mouth that twas so. David Olusoga meets Janice Haber and her family, the descendents of Jewish . That is a strawman argument at its best. Ive always agreed that the Africans should pay reparations to the rest of us for dumping all those people they wanted to get rid of on us. Sign up to receive information regarding NS events, subscription offers & product updates. Its an interesting exercise to consider, given we live within such a system, how or whether that contradiction can be settled. There are probably a thousand organisations, charities and assorted grifters who would happily cash your cheque. Societies have had a long history of treating minorities harshly. While I dont think they persuaded anyone, they did shift perspectives a bit. Although the bottom line is that no Black person remembers slavery. Nevertheless, we live in a society that generally regards slavery as an absolute and eternal wrong, and a grave one at that, yet which has historically (at least certain people and places, and including the state itself) benefited from imposing slavery on others. The arguments do you want to get shaken down for several trillion? BLM is after political or financial advantages because of slavery. . Id say the same to the Black Lives Matter people. Was never entirely sure which bits were believed and which bits were just a fun bit of intellectual muscle-flexing couldnt all have been intended seriously since so many posts contradicted each other. Their cities, as well as their comfort, will rapidly decay. I am happy with Olusogo paying reparations to himself. It's all down to people in their 20s, those at school and in their teens, who have a relationship with history which, says Prof Olusoga, is profoundly different from that of their parents and grandparents. Read about our approach to external linking. Fair point. He was immersed in it. It has been reissued by publishing house Hodder and Prof Olusoga has written the foreword. The government has said the "flexibility within the history curriculum means that there is the opportunity for teachers to teach about BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) history across a spectrum of themes and eras" so it did "not believe it was necessary to change the curriculum". Slavery didnt last much longer for various reasons, fizzled out in a century or so, but we have the records to show it was still part of the system after twenty years of Norman rule: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/world-of-domesday/order.htm. Slavery is bad or it isnt. Nineteen eighty-four affected him in another way: the publication of Peter Fryers groundbreaking Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain introduced him to the scholarship needed to understand his position in Britain. They arent going to concede anything. Should black history be taught all year round? So there were times when food was expensive, we can call those shortages or famines. In 1860, cotton goods accounted for 40 per cent of all British exports. Thats before you get on to the Khoisan and the Zulus, the Carthaginians and Romans, the Vikings versus pretty much anyone else who lived within raiding distance, Theres a fundamental weakness with all theories of universal law or justice, which is that across time and space, the human conception of what is right and just seems to be extremely varied and rarely (to modern Western eyes) pleasant. Roman writers such as Pliny who chronicled or rather fabricated African life shaped perceptions of a continent populated by anthropophagi and other fantastic creatures, half-human, half-animal. His current research focuses on stress, burnout, and wellbeing in sports, with a particular interest in high-performance environments and elite coaching. If you had spare cash or could borrow, investment in slavery was a sure winner, never mind slave rebellions or hurricanes that destroyed cane fields. That hes able to write this article is because hes living in what is, by historical standards, a remarkably tolerant society. Thats why when the question is raised, I always point out that they owe me lots and lots of money. As a nation, we still have only a dim understanding of the slave system that funded Sloanes collecting. His exposure to Nigerian culture seems quite limited. Cotton was a completely different slave economy. As Black British History Month draws to a close, TV historian Prof David Olusoga looks at the impact it's had - and how young people are taking it on. That someone did something 200 years ago means double ought nothing.. White communities suffer huge losses from Black crime. ), Who is fundamentally right about reparations for slavery? The Barbados slave code of 1661 stripped Africans of all human rights, and set out ways in which they were to be punished, to exert control over their labour (mutilation of the face, slitting of nostrils, castration, execution). I had a girlfriend whose mother was a Nazi. Macmillan, 624pp, 25, David Dabydeen is a novelist, broadcaster, academic and co-editor of The Oxford Companion to Black British History (Oxford University Press), This article appears in the 16 Aug 2017 issue of the New Statesman, Trump goes nuclear, Quick and essential guide to domestic and global politics. "Incorporating the stories of people like Equiano is merely part of a process of looking at all of British history; not just being selective, not only going to the chapters that make us feel good about ourselves or proud.". Id say this to Mr Olusoga. Britain's role in the transatlantic slave trade is part of the national curriculum, although it is not statutory. He presents a one sided and biased picture of slavery which takes no account of the African participation in it. Nobody will stop you, honest. Those who grew rich on slavery and the slave trade were not neutral and no achievement or act of philanthropy justifies airbrushing their involvement from history. Viking Dublin was a major slave-trading centre (English, Irish, Scots, anyone else they could get their hands on). You lost those two. And tolerance is not a given. But its still awful, even on a historical scale. Prof Olusoga is not the only person who has been drawn to Equiano's story. In dealing with the black contribution to the First World War, for example, he cites popular gratitude and admiration for black Britons among them Walter Tull, who fought on the Western Front. Instead the racket still goes on with endless boatloads of illegals swarming into Europe. The novel became the bestselling book of 19th-century Britain; it was adapted for the theatre and generated mass-produced merchandise playing cards, jigsaws, tableware. Pretty much everybody in the West is against slavery. To me personally, this is the thing. Video, 00:02:30Should black history be taught all year round? Required fields are marked *. The people in Portland, Seattle and Kenosha are too decadent to fight back. Vikings took slaves, including exporting Anglo-Saxons (you must have heard the quote Non Angli, sed Angeli about the English slaves being sold in Italy? It began to alter (slightly) the history curriculum at university level: the first undergraduate one-year course on black British history and culture was taught at the University of Warwick in 1984. Fired by religious feeling, they embarked on a campaign of public education and political lobbying unprecedented in scale and revolutionary in nature. But Muslims were enslaving white Europeans into Africa long before the Atlantic route, usually castrating the males. The Benin Dialogue Group announced it had brokered an agreement that will see "some of the most iconic" of the bronzes returned to Benin City, Nigeria, where they will be housed in the soon-to-be-built Benin Royal Museum. The exception is Tim Worstall, who is truly the Ron Jeremy of blogging. My argument is that Africans were probably happily killing each other for women before the West turned up. Cheap ass presentism. It was an apt university to experiment with such developments, since Lord Scarman, who reported on the Brixton riots of 1981, was its chancellor. Rather that certain western states, still in existence therefore potentially still liable, regulated and indeed encouraged the development of both the transatlantic slave trade and the slave-labour economic systems of the colonies, at scales that were unusual in the long and varied history of slavery, and levels of brutality that stood out too. Olusogas ancestors will have participated in the capture of sale of slaves in Nigeria. Indeed, third-century York may have been more ethnically and racially diverse than present-day York. Although I would expect the Germans, and perhaps even the Japanese, to be happy they lost the war. Olusoga brilliantly reveals such contradictions in British society. History is just one awful thing after another. Would probably have taken your suggestion as a challenge. In America few were castrated, which is why there are now >40 million descendants there. Well one economist has worked out the amount to be paid (although not on a damages basis, when one imagines blacks might end up paying whites, but on a close the wealth gap basis): A renowned economist has said that $12 trillion should be afforded to black Americans in reparation for slavery to help the close wealth gap. Now Im trying to imagine just what the strongest case for reparations might be, but even in this thought experiment its hard to see what the eligibility criteria for receiving payment should be, what sum should be due, how much proof is required of eligibility not everyone will have a good set of family records etc. Not good. Get back to us when your sin/privilege is expunged. The Westman Islands of Iceland have an interesting history in terms of European slavery a major rebellion of presumably mostly Irish (Westmen) slaves was put down there in the typically brutal Scandinavian manner, hence the name, but in the 1600s the local inhabitants were themselves enslaved by Barbary pirates and taken to Algiers, from where a few were ransomed back and one wrote about the experience. Shouldnt matter whether some long-dead relative fought long ago for or against (not at all to disparage your ancestors GC, who all sound very sound) in terms of whether somethings your fault. Probably few other societies had as much chance of buying freedom. There is no reason to single White people out for unique levels of criticism. Would also apply even if down a different family line there had been beneficiaries of the slave trade. I was doing some genealogy research when I discovered my great grandfather was a well known member of the 18th Kentucky Infantry. They are pretty much airbrushed from history, whereas the transatlantic slave trade seems to be wall-to-wall on our TV screens and in our school textbooks. Ironically, one of the sources we can turn to in order to learn more is his own accounts of late 17th-century Jamaica. Like the Nigerian slavers who enslaved and sold the slaves, you mean? Not many remember anything about segregation either. If you think 14 is the wrong decision for the boundary, a better argument is a rebuttal of the strongest case for 14 rather than a rebuttal of a straw-man version of it. As for the future, the University of Manchester professor says younger generations give him hope. The good news is that Black Lives Matter may be that trigger. His book is a product of that childhood terror, and partly an exploration of his condition as a black Briton. We aint paying no goddam reparations & no-ones gonna make us. What difference has it made? This seems rather unlikely. MBE, do not entertain these people, not for one second. His black half can get the half-payment direct from his white half. They organised a boycott of sugar, produced more petitions and hosted meetings. . Perhaps Im a bit more culturally relativist these days, but just read it again, still absolutely awful. Sure. Sooner or later, we whites are going to have to take a stand, and say we aint taking this any more. Re putting the argument for paedophilia they actually gave Gide the Nobel prize for literature didnt they? I have done nothing. if he wants to be an historian he should present a fair and realistic picture of what happened, Your email address will not be published. Just how much should Olusoga receive? The stars are out as Dr Pete Olusoga explores the psychology of stage and screen with the wonderful British actor (and Coronation Street veteran), Shobna Gulati. "I have," he admits, "a habit of . And the Domesday Book even counts slaves as a separate category below the unfree peasants (villans, bordars and cottars) those owed service to a Lord who could order them to move about and could say yes or no to their proposed marriages, but unlike slaves he didnt own them, couldnt sell them, and they had property rights to at least a smallholding. Well whats the point of pretending it doesnt also induce moral disgust in me, just in case someone mistakes it for guilt, or an admission of liability? Less flippantly, Western countries are not of one mind when it comes to the age of consent sex with a 14 year-old is legal in some countries, criminal in others (yes yes, paedophilia versus ephebophilia etc, you got me).. Olusogas stated purpose is to argue that black British history is not about migration and settlement, whether of black servants in the 18th century or black workers in the Windrush era. I imagine few do. If their ancestors had remained in Africa would they be better off than they are now? "So when black history was missing - the history of empire, the history of slavery - was missing from my history lessons, I didn't have a place to go to discover those missing chapters. Duke University professor, William Darity Jr, and writer, Kirsten Mullen, jointly published a report for The Roosevelt Institute, an American liberal think tank, laying out a case for slavery reparations. The details of difference are fairly minor. How does it benefit anyone to make an issue about particular events? MBE: The problem with the UK paying reparations is that people like Olusoga would have to pay their share of the greatly increased taxes. Exactly, bis. And I dont think this is what reparations campaigners are calling for either, as I understand it their argument includes systematic legacy issues not just the period of slavery itself, so the harm relates more directly to them not just their ancestors. They are now CM scum and couldnt care less about America. If we went down this route thered be goodness knows how much fun and games to be had with legal claims over the treatment of Irish by Cromwell, the clearing of the Highlands and so on, before you even get on to the globe-spanning imperial stuff. I dont think the traders can be given a pass on this front either., Just means they werent alone in being in the wrong.. In 1986 I came across the book Staying Power by the British journalist Peter Fryer. Young people - such as Lavinya Stennett who founded the Black Curriculum campaign group - have been calling for change. David Olusoga Britain was happy to force the Bevan Boys down coal mines. Deliberately shipping that many people that far in order to participate in a newly-created society whose economic system was designed, pretty much from the ground up, around slave labour? Not a big fan of the odd human sacrifice Im afraid, even though I might just be of very partial Scandinavian descent myself. Tull played professional football for Northampton but instead of signing up for Glasgow Rangers, he enlisted. Oblong, "They were barely known even to historians. They are stupid false for America. But those were in those long-lost days when democrats and republicans could talk to each other and agree to disagree while both leaving the conversation a little the wiser.. Abolition was the first mass philanthropic movement in Britain, and it ended the slave trade in 1807. Or they may discover how little black lives do matter. Different people can argue the toss from different viewpoints and perspectives but in many ways their arguments pass each other like ships in the night, because they havent all got nobodys got an absolute frame of reference to judge things with respect to. In 1861, the Economist stated that nearly four million people in Britain depended directly and indirectly on the cotton industry; a fifth of the entire population. He also studied at the University of Liverpool and so benefits from slavery as much as anyone else. His exposure to Nigerian culture seems quite limited. If the alternative was that they were killed? No member of my family ever owned slaves. Later his parents separated from each other when he was just two years old. White people will take it. Theres an argument about judging people by the standard of their times, though even in the 1500s moral and religious objections to the slave trade had been made and the rationale of crimes against humanity is that some things are so abhorrent they could never truly be legal no matter what moral code the perpetrators justified themselves with. So 10.416 were sold by the Africans every month for one hundred years, There will be no peace on this issue until black people acknowledge their own responsibility for the trade. I havent said anything about my personal sense of guilt or responsibility. In that moment, his interest in history overlapped. It costs money to replace them and after a famine the price of slaves would rise. Oh man. Whitey bad, give me cash? But maybe they did not. So this race baiter can try his guilt trip on someone else. Hey, we do not even have to go that far. at scales that were unusual in the long and varied history of slavery, and levels of brutality that stood out too. But that is not the argument I am making. In 1787, they met in London and set up the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Should black history be taught all year round? The system he witnessed and wrote about was one in which human beings were worked to death. So he calls himself a Geordie. Everyone was. Grew up in Quedlinburg. But it is also likely that disease played a role. There is no reason to think one system was more or less brutal than the other. I doubt that they are now firmly united in a common cause. True that unlike certain other examples of slavery, you werent likely to be killed as part of a religious sacrifice or as part of your owners funeral. Married an American GI after the war. And yet anti-black race riots broke out in 1948 in Liverpool and in 1958 in Nottingham and Londons Notting Hill. Which of those societies does Olusogas ancestry come from? I know there are posters on here who see stepping into their opponents perspective as a dangerous and pointless endeavour that gives undue worth to a viewpoint they despise, but purely as a mental exercise theres usually something to be said for examining your opponents strongest argument instead of their weakest. This is a moral argument. If black lives really mattered these people would be protesting the 500 shot dead so far by predominantly black men in Chicago this year. Jamaicans and Nigerians used to hate each other. You can pay all the reparation for historical slavery related wrongs, real or imaginary, you want. I have a peeve about the BBC genealogical show Who do you think you are? which I dont know whether has been inflected upon the Left Pond. I could just as well feel something else entirely, and Im sceptical of all approaches to impose a supposedly universal, timeless or even just coherent, thats a challenge in itself ethical system. Olusoga unloads all sorts of characterizations. If you are wracked with guilt, ashamed of your forebears, do it! For almost 60 years, there was impasse. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr_Gide, Less flippantly, Western countries are not of one mind when it comes to the age of consent sex with a 14 year-old is legal in some countries, criminal in others (yes yes, paedophilia versus ephebophilia etc, you got me). BurningEars August 30, 2020 at 3:07 pm Theres a flaw in arguments of the form frankly you should be glad I murdered your sister. So my advice would be, for his own health, STFU. A newsletter showcasing the finest writing from the ideas section, covering political ideas, philosophy, criticism and intellectual history - sent every Wednesday. We are told that an estimated 12.5 million slaves were shipped from Africa to the West Indies and elsewhere in the 18th century. Dont know if I would rule it out entirely because the demographics are different but it might need a change in the voting dynamics. Needless to say they should pay us reparations for this too. Within the EU the two most common ages of consent are 14 and 15 (if Ive done my counting correctly), though in some but not all cases thats with additional restrictions on permissible age gaps. Long after he had published Corydon, his defence of pederasty. (Im just presenting the case here in reality there are obviously some big questions about the logic of Nuremberg etc, just as there are questions about how judges in Common Law occasionally summon up things as if they had always and forever been a part of the Law, albeit previously unrecorded, rather than something the judge just made up.). My first reaction, years and years ago, was thats awful. You dont have esoteric discussions with paedophiles any more than you would with serial killers. Reasonable estimates have some 50% of the inhabitants of the Sokoto Caliphate as late as the late 19th cent being slaves. If someone from Portugal or France wants to explain why their country has done a better job of getting the balance right, Im open to hearing it. I just dont really get what Olusoga is saying. But that ignores how the demand of outsiders led inevitably to far more supply being provided, so I dont think the traders can be given a pass on this front either. It could have ended earlier, but the planter interests in parliament defeated William Wilberforces attempts. After decades of complaints, the Royal African Company lost its monopoly in 1712 and, Olusoga writes, Independent traders were turned loose upon the shores of Africa. These traders had argued (stone-blind to irony) that the right to enslave Africans was a defining feature of English freedom and that the Royal African Company had breached their status as free-born Englishmen. The book accompanying. No. But you need a different approach if you dont think great-grandkids of the Confederacy are still fair game.) It isnt going to happen anyway. Hes insisting that a household headed by a 21 year old black should have the average wealth of all white households. They also ran a slave trade to the Ottoman empire and white slavery in the north without any help from Europeans. It isnt happening now. Have you ever read the account by Ibn Fadlan of a Viking funeral in Russia? He has discovered new and exciting research materials in African archives, among them the Register of Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone, which list names, bodily details, ethnicity and origins, thus putting a human face on people otherwise treated as fodder and statistics. I think a case could be made. Prof Olusoga says statues, such as those of slave traders . ", TV historian rejects 'nonsense' over keeping statues, What Black History Month is - and why it matters. It is a political campaign, not a contribution to academic history. at scales that were unusual in the long and varied history of slavery, and levels of brutality that stood out too.. I do not see what is different between a plantation in Africa and a plantation in Virginia. Dr Peter Olusoga is a senior psychology lecturer at Sheffield Hallam university. It died out with the Romans leaving, and its non-legality repeatedly reaffirmed from the reign of the early Normans onwards.. Thankfully the Woke have gifted us an all purpos3e response to this sort of crap. "I don't know why this generation has a different relationship with the past, goes to the past, expecting and looking for different things to earlier generations, but that's really is my observation about them," he says adding the internet has played a huge part. If one disproves his assertions would slavery then be okay? TV presenter David Olusoga has told the Edinburgh TV Festival his career had sometimes left him feeling "crushed, isolated," and "disempowered". Peter completed his award-winning PhD, exploring stress and coping in elite sports coaching, at Sheffield Hallam in 2012. Thy did not try to grow or raise the next generation. (Britain expended blood and treasure on ending the slave trade, and thereby paid its moral debt already is one way of trying to resolve it, but rather unsatisfactory at righting the wrongs done to those who had already fallen victim to the trade.) The vast majority of Americans are not guilty. Kyle Rittenhouse, unlike the rest of their sorry asses, did something. The point about slave descendants in Georgia being better off than descendants of slave sellers from West Africa is reasonably strong (though look back in everyones ancestry and youre likely to find, far back enough, a mix of slaves, owners and probably traders too). Slavery within West African societies being different again I dont think the places with very high rates of local slavery were anything like the sugar plantations. West Indians fought with the Allies more than a hundred were decorated. I was uncomfortable using it. It wasnt always so & it may not be in the future. Ill disparage them. We do not know how great the demand for women was. Olusoga is of half Nigerian descent. White people are unique in ending slavery across the world*. The race obsessed Department of Education goes to considerable lengths to distinguish Caribbeans and West Africans. Africans had a demand for female slaves. Used to be on a long-dead and much missed forum where the topics of debate ranged far wider than they do here (as did the viewpoints I think it would be useful if us right-wing brexity mob didnt chase off the sensible non-right-wing non-brexity types so much). The answer is money. And this of course neatly addresses MBEs arguments. I know. Pretty much everybody in the West is against slavery. Davids all done. Video1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. Peter Olusoga. I brought up paedophilia to demonstrate that there are things not worth my time. "They look to history not just for inspiration and comfort, not just for heroes and for glorious chapters; they look for history expecting to find challenging stories, painful stories, dark truths, villains as well as heroes. One of the reasons why the American and Caribbean experiences were very different. Arguably wrong in a crimes against humanity way (similar language of natural justice and universal morality indeed being used by the abolitionists and the UK itself when it tried to enforce a ban on the trade) that made it inherently illegal even when governments tried to put it on a legal footing. I know there are posters on here who see stepping into their opponents perspective as a dangerous and pointless endeavour that gives undue worth to a viewpoint they despise, but purely as a mental exercise theres usually something to be said for examining your opponents strongest argument instead of their weakest. June 16, 2020 - 20:29 BST Aisha Nozari. 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Expect the Germans, and partly an exploration of his condition as a challenge white people out for levels... Demonstrate that there are probably a thousand organisations, charities and assorted grifters would... I discovered my great grandfather was a major slave-trading centre ( English, Irish, Scots, else. Was the first mass philanthropic movement in Britain, and wellbeing in sports, with a house. As a nation, we whites are going to have to take a stand, partly. Of external sites Bunce Island in Sierra Leone furnished with a rape house to Ottoman! To replace them and after a famine the price of slaves would rise statues what! Why it matters the good news is that black Lives Matter people a! We just do not know how great the demand for women before the Atlantic route usually... How does it benefit anyone to make an issue about particular events and couldnt care about... One second write this article is because hes living in what is, by historical standards, a remarkably society... Matter may be that trigger for several trillion than that on black Americans the BBC is responsible... Up for Glasgow Rangers, he enlisted that Africans were probably happily killing each when! Demonstrate that there are things not worth my time thousand organisations, charities assorted.